Losses in Transformer

Losses in transformer 

What are the losses in transformer ?

   Two main loss :

   1) Iron loss in core
   2) copper loss in winding

   
(1)→   Core losses, collectively called magnetizing current losses, consist of:

Hysteresis losses :
due to nonlinear application of the voltage applied in the transformer core, and

Eddy current losses :
due to joule heating in the core that are proportional to the square of the transformer's applied voltage.
.
(2) →  Copper loss due to resistance  of windings
Joule losses :
due to resistance in the primary and secondary windings.
Leakage flux that escapes from the core and passes through one winding only resulting in primary and secondary reactive impedance.
  .
 (3) → Magnetostriction related transformer hum (noice)
Magnetic flux in a ferromagnetic material, such as the core, causes it to physically expand and contract slightly with each cycle of the magnetic field, an effect known as magnetostriction, the frictional energy of which produces an audible noise known as mains hum or transformer hum .
.
(4)→  Stray losses
Leakage inductance is by itself largely lossless, since energy supplied to its magnetic fields is returned to the supply with the next half-cycle. However, any leakage flux that intercepts nearby conductive materials such as the transformer's support structure will give rise to eddy currents and be converted to heat. There are also radiative losses due to the oscillating magnetic field but these are usually small.

⇒Here Also You Can 1 ) Read Definition and Working Of Transformer

                                 2)  electrical-engineering-MCQ-on Transformer