Electrical Fundamentals

Electrical Fundamentals

2-Electric charge: Electric charge is a property of an electron. there are two type of charge exist in an atom one is protones consist positive charge and another is electron consist Negative charge. And Neutron are neutral in nuclear present in center of an atom.

You know electric current flows in only good conductor this is due to electron and proton present in an atom. if electron and proton is same then no electron flow this material called bad conductor.if electron is more than proton then it is good conductor or vice-versa.
unit: coulomb

3-Electric current: Electric current is flow of electron in a conductor.When electron of an atom is flow in any one direction then it is called as electric current flow in conductor.

Electric current flow in material which have free electron. And free electron are available in only good conductors .overall to know, electron flow in conductor is current.
unit: Ampare

AC current: The current which change direction sinusoidal with time is Alternating current.
DC current: The current which not change direction with time is Direct current.

5-Electric voltage: Electric voltage is potential difference between two source.It is also called emf,voltage,potential difference. unit is volt.

Voltage produces flow of current. Current flow in direction from high potential source to low potential source. ex. current flow from positIve to negative direction in case of DC . In case of AC current flow from phase wire to ground or earth.


best example is lightning, when cloud spark then always electrical charges drop down to earth because earth has approximately zero potential.
As shown in above figure electron flow from negative charge to positive charge.but direction of current consider as always opposite to it.Mean current flow from positive to negative direction.